Application of Fire Extinguishers in Vehicles

Importance & Necessity

Vehicles — whether cars, buses, trucks, locomotives, or even two-wheelers in certain contexts — are vulnerable to fire hazards due to factors such as:

• Fuel or oil leaks

• Electrical short circuits

• Overheating

• Collisions or impact

• Cargo containing flammables

A fire in a confined vehicle space can escalate rapidly, endangering life, property, and goods. Having a fire extinguisher on board enables immediate action to suppress or control a fire at its onset, before it becomes catastrophic.

Types of Fire Extinguishers Suitable for Vehicles

In vehicle environments, certain types of extinguishers are most appropriate:

• ABC Dry Chemical / Multipurpose – effective against Class A (solid combustibles), B (flammable liquids), and C (electrical) fires.

• CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide) – suitable for electrical fires and flammable liquids; leaves no residue (useful for sensitive electronic or engine compartments).

• Dry Powder (BC / D) – for liquid fuels, grease, or metal fires, depending on vehicle and cargo type.

• Clean Agent (e.g., Halotron, FM-200) – in specialized or high-value vehicles (e.g. ambulances, electrical vehicles) where minimal residue is critical.

Placement & Mounting

Correct mounting is crucial for easy access and safety:

• Fixed bracket mount in the driver cabin (within reach of driver)

• Securely fastened on chassis or frame for larger vehicles

• Protected enclosures for trucks/transport vehicles

• Accessible location (not blocked by seats or cargo)

Mounting should ensure the extinguisher does not dislodge during motion or accidents.

Sizing & Capacity

The size (e.g. 1 kg, 2 kg, 4 kg, 5 kg) depends on the type of vehicle and risk category:

• Private cars: 1 kg or 2 kg multipurpose extinguishers

• Light commercial vehicles: 2 kg to 4 kg

• Heavy trucks, buses: 4 kg or higher, possibly with more than one unit

• Cargo trucks transporting flammable materials: specialized rating and multiple extinguishers